existence and implementation varies from cluster to cluster (e.g. nginx)
sits between all clients and one or more apiservers
acts as load balancer if there are several apiservers.
Cloud Load Balancers on external services:
are provided by some cloud providers (e.g. AWS ELB, Google Cloud Load Balancer)
are created automatically when the Kubernetes service has type LoadBalancer
usually supports UDP/TCP only
SCTP support is up to the load balancer implementation of the cloud provider
implementation varies by cloud provider.
Kubernetes users will typically not need to worry about anything other than the first two types. The cluster admin
will typically ensure that the latter types are setup correctly.
Requesting redirects
Proxies have replaced redirect capabilities. Redirects have been deprecated.
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